PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match between the French league champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to take a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.
